Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, my country had the production of fine chemicals such as paints, dyes, medicines, pesticides, etc., but generally only a small amount of low-grade products and processed products could be produced. The scale was very small, and the technology and equipment were backward, while inorganic fine chemicals were almost the same. Blank, the more commonly used inorganic salt reagents should be imported from abroad. There are less than one hundred kinds of fine chemical products in total.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the rapid development of the national economy, the production of fine chemicals developed rapidly, the production categories continued to expand, and the varieties continued to increase. At present, it can basically meet the needs of various sectors of the national economy, and some of them are exported to earn foreign exchange. Particularly worth mentioning is the development history and achievements of new inorganic materials. Inorganic new materials were developed in the late 1950s with the development of "two bombs" and "one star". At present, eight categories of special glass, glass fiber and special fiber, quartz glass, FRP and high-performance composite materials, special ceramics, artificial crystals, special sealing materials and special cementing materials have been formed, with a total of more than 3,000 kinds of products emerging industries. It has made great contributions to national defense construction and high-tech economic construction.
Now, human beings have entered a high-tech era centered on electronic information. Electronic computers are the results of microelectronics technology and information technology, and are also the concentrated expression of the development of information science. In recent years, new breakthroughs have been made in the development of electronic computers, and a supercomputer with partial artificial intelligence has been successfully developed. The future direction is Develop faster supercomputers and more advanced microcomputers. To this end, the fabrication of large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, as well as acousto-optic recording, conversion transmission, and storage, must be addressed at a higher level. Fine chemicals not only provide high-quality semiconductor materials, magnetic materials, etc., but also provide a large number of ultra-pure chemical reagents and ultra-pure electronic gases for integrated circuit processing. Monocrystalline silicon with high uniformity and defect-free direction, as well as gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, and artificial diamond have successively entered the practical stage, enabling electronic devices to achieve miniaturization, integration, large capacity, high speed, and have Conditions are developing in the direction of higher technologies such as three-dimensional, intelligent and optical integration. Optical fiber communication was only a research topic developed by scientists and engineers in the 1970s, but now optical fibers have gradually replaced copper wires, and some developed Countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany no longer produce copper coaxial cables. The practical application of optical fibers will not only lead to a revolutionary leap in technologies such as post and telecommunications, communications, radio, television, low-light night vision, industrial flaw detection, and medical diagnosis, but also have a huge impact on printing, automatic control, and automatic monitoring. . Fine Chemicals not only provides SiO2-GeO for optical communication: Quartz communication fiber (its optical loss is close to the theoretical limit), but also provides calcium tungstate, aluminate, phosphonium phosphate, a variety of Fluoride and other crystals. The successful development of high-power solid-state laser materials and nonlinear optical crystals provides material guarantees for high-tech technologies such as laser communication, laser guidance, laser fusion, and laser weapons. The successful development of sharp tin alloy superconducting materials makes superconducting technology more practical; when metal oxides are found to be used in superconducting materials, superconductivity has been set off all over the world, and it will be superconductive within a few months. The conduction transition temperature was expanded by 1000K, thus becoming a new milestone in the further development and application of superconducting materials. The technological progress and practical application of large solar cells using polysilicon, especially crystalline silicon, are a boon to the worldwide energy shortage, and will provide pollution-free and inexhaustible resources for space technology, future industries and people's lives. , inexhaustible energy.
Fine chemicals play a particularly important role in national defense construction and the development of space technology. Many new materials have been widely used in the manufacture of aircraft, rockets, missiles, satellites, nuclear weapons, etc., for reconnaissance, communication, guidance, defense systems and other departments. The level of its level is directly related to the country's security and its position in the world . The development of space technology has put forward higher and higher requirements for the materials used in spacecraft nozzles, combustion chamber linings, nose cones, tail cones, jet engine blades, etc. Good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and shock resistance, especially for the spacecraft used as a "space laboratory", in order to ensure that it will not be burned when returning to the ground, the materials used must be high temperature resistant, light weight and high strength. etched material. Modern warfare is usually a surprise attack at night. If there is no high-performance laser ranging and guidance system, rockets and artillery will become "blind"; without a highly sensitive satellite remote sensing and telemetry system, it is impossible to grasp the deployment and mobilization of the enemy's forces. ;The stealth method of modern military facilities has been developed to the stealth method of anti-infrared reconnaissance coating. As long as this coating is applied to military equipment and military facilities, even if the enemy uses an infrared thermal imager for reconnaissance, the target cannot be found. . It can be seen that with the development of modern military science and technology and space technology, new fine chemical materials will play an increasingly important role.
The development of fine chemical products can reduce energy consumption and save resources. Calculated according to the average distribution of the population, China is a country that lacks both energy and resources in the world. Therefore, reducing energy consumption and saving raw materials is of particular significance to China's modernization drive. For example, the Japanese trial-produced fine ceramic engine is used in the automobile industry, not only the engine is small in size and light in weight, but also the air-cooled and water-cooled heat dissipation systems can be removed, and the gas temperature in the cylinder can be increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ', thereby increasing the thermal efficiency by 45% %, and fuel consumption was reduced by 34%. In 1990, there were also reports of trial production in China. Inorganic fiber-reinforced composite materials used in spacecraft can reduce the mass of the spacecraft by 1kg, and the mass of the rocket that pushes it can be reduced by 500kg. According to reports, Japan's Nissan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. has invented a stick concrete additive with calcium nitrite as the main component. As long as it is added in an amount of about 2 qin, it can prolong the life of large buildings such as bridges by 15-20 years, and it is resistant to compression. Strength is also improved. The discovery and application of solid electrolyte materials have opened up new ways to save energy for batteries, alkali production, sodium production, and magnetohydrodynamic power generation.
The development of fine chemical products can turn the original low-end products into high-end products, significantly improve economic benefits, and then improve the competitiveness of products in the international market, and increase foreign exchange income, realize a virtuous circle of the national economy, and accelerate the development of modernization. speed.
