Surface modification mainly includes three aspects: surface etching, cross-linking and chemical modification.

1. Surface etching, such as treating polymers (including natural and synthetic fibers) with oxygen plasma, the oxidative decomposition reaction occurs on the surface, which can improve the adhesion, dyeing, moisture absorption, reflected light, friction, hand feeling, antifouling, Antistatic and other properties.

2. Cross-linking modification Through the impact of active particles in low-temperature plasma, hydrogen atoms in organic compounds are released, and molecular chains are cut to form free radicals, and then through the mutual combination of free radicals, it is possible to form between molecular chains. cross-linked. It is reported that the polyvinyl chloride film is cross-linked after being treated by low-temperature plasma such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and other polymers may also be used to change the properties of these materials.

3. Chemical modification By low-temperature plasma treatment of polymer substances, the groups in the molecules on its surface undergo chemical reactions, change the chemical composition, cause changes in the chemical properties of its surface, and also cause some physical properties of its surface to follow. Changes, such as oxygen plasma treatment, introduce oxygen-containing groups (diol groups, aldehyde groups, press groups, etc.) into the molecular chains on the surface of the polymer, increase the polarity and hydrophilicity of the fabric surface, and also bring Adhesion, dyeing, moisture absorption and other properties are enhanced. Another example is low-temperature plasma treatment with a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, which can introduce amino groups. Through the low-temperature plasma treatment of fluorine-containing gas, fluorine atoms can be introduced to make the fabric water-repellent.